(See 1 Timothy 1:12-15; Acts 8:1-3; 9:1,2; 22:4,5; 26:9-11; 1 Corinthians 15:9; Galatians 1:13; Philippians 3:6.) In the second version, the Jerusalem authorities capture Judas and force him to lead them to Jesus. [14][note 1], By claiming that Jesus has appeared to him in the same way he did to Peter, James, and the others who had known Jesus in life, Paul bolsters his own claims to apostolic authority. I don’t know how true that is. As Paul even states in Romans “…and thus I aspired to preach the gospel, not where Christ was already named, so that I would not build on another man’s foundation”. You don’t begin with unity and orthodoxy and consensus. Here Paul refers to his personal encounter with the risen Christ on the road to Damascus in 34 AD, just a year or so following the resurrection, as extensively recorded in Acts chapter 9. Yes, there are very sophisticated multi-spectral imaging technologies today for reading just this kind of manuscript; but I don’t know if they have been applied ot this one in particular. More likely one just stole the other’s story. But in that instance, it is not an outsider identifying the group, and that is usually thought to be significant. Here Jesus Christ connects the Apostolic ministry from Jerusalem…to Rome. [26] Jesus appears at the empty tomb to Mary Magdalene (who initially fails to recognise him), then to the disciples minus Thomas, then to all the disciples including Thomas (the "doubting Thomas" episode), finishing with an extended appearance in Galilee to Peter and six (not all) of the disciples. I’ve always wondered about this. So we must ask if a man has the chutzpah to steal another’s story is it more likely he would halve the number saved or double it to make him look heroic? If Jesus’ appearance to Paul was a vision, why would anyone assume that his appearances to the other people weren’t visions also? But there’s no evidence about what they talked about. There’s a theoretical possibility that both were on the same ship and one claimed the heroic role played by the other. Re: “Another one, that I tend to prefer on most days, is that Paul talks about the appearance of Jesus to the twelve because he knows nothing about the tradition that Judas Iscariot betrayed Jesus and then died soon after. And in the year four hundred and thirty (A.D. 119), in the reign of Hadrianus Caesar, in the consulship of Severus and of Fulgus, in the episcopate of Xystus, bishop of the city of Rome, this concern arose in (the minds of) men acquainted with the Holy Books; and through the pains of the great men in various places this history was sought for and found, and written in the tongue of those who took this care.”, This last part intrigues me most as it seems to be saying that the second chapter of Matthew was “written in” (added?) Apologies for going off-topic, but are you aware of the Nitrian collection (a bunch of Syriac material unearthed in Egyptian monasteries in the 1830s)? Maybe Paul had a bad (normal) memory and forgot whom he sent where. “CONCLUSION: The gospels were not produced in their name because early manuscripts are not titled Matthew and Mark.”. It’s deliberate, because Paul’s letters must fit the Gospels – even when they don’t. Particularly not when you lose the one person who held the whole thing together. Why wouldn’t the gospels mention that Jesus appeared to the 500 when Paul, writing decades earlier, says that he did? [9] A physical resurrection was unnecessary for this visionary mode of seeing the risen Christ, but the general movement of subsequent New Testament literature is towards the physical nature of the resurrection. [48] Despite this, some biblical scholars tend to distinguish them; this is also not Roman Catholic dogma, though a traditional teaching. I wonder what hte evidence for the statement actually is? [52], According to Helmut Koester, the stories of the resurrection were originally epiphanies in which the disciples are called to a ministry by the risen Jesus, and at a secondary stage were interpreted as physical proof of the event. There were 3 pillars–Peter, James and John (brothers/sons of Zebedee) then James of Alphaeus. In 1 COR 15 Paul was offering proof that resurrection was a real thing because Jesus appeared to himself. Schedule recurring donations to Bart's foundation using the form below. There are 4 opinions on this “500 witnesses event”: lol, Question: If I read it right, you seemed to imply that the “mythological” interpretation of the Bible (the Bible is not completely historical yet still reveals theological truths through its fictional, literary stories) was not as widely accepted among scholars as it used to be. There is a long human tradition, and most especially with the colonized, of dealing summarily with informers. Saul was an enemy of the gospel and a persecutor of the church. In addition, Acts has appearances to Paul on the Road to Damascus, to the martyr Stephen, and to Peter, who hears the voice of Jesus. Why their cousins in particular? In Exodus 3, Moses met the angel of the Lord: There the angel of the Lord appeared to him in a blazing fire from the middle of a bush. As Paul said in 1 Corinthians 15:8, “And last of all he was seen of me also, as of one born out of due time.” Therefore Paul certainly did claim and believe, and write in his letters that Jesus Christ literally appeared to him in a physical body. This Episode will play in: 10. It’s very hard to get a consistent tradition if that tradition is based on individual visions (revelations) and scripture interpretations only. 34 And Peter said to him, “Aeneas, Jesus the Christ heals you. Bart’s “Big Ten” analogy works for me. Jesus instructed them to cast their net on the other side of the boat. They are my favorite team, and their Captain, Sidney Crosby, is from Nova Scotia, the same Canadian province I am from! Each blog member is allowed to make 2 comments a day. We should also remember Josephus was the John Grisham of his day, Luke an obscure tractarian so Josephus could more easily get away with plagiarism. Would you mind sharing what this profound betrayal was? What we have is seven “authentic letters” from Paul, and every single one of them are written to individuals or groups of people that are *already* believers in Christ. In fact, that would seem like the most natural thing to do. What Does It Even Mean to Have an “Original” of An Ancient Writing? Moreover, it appears to pass the criterion of dissimilarity. [40], According to Ehrman, "the disciples' belief in the resurrection was based on visionary experiences. Saul, he said, “Brother Saul, the Lord—Jesus, who appeared to you on the road as you were coming here—has sent me so that you may see again and be filled with the Holy Spirit.” 18 Immediately, something like scales fell from Saul’s eyes, and he could see again. [53], According to Gerd Lüdemann, Peter had a vision of Jesus, induced by his feelings of guilt of betraying Jesus. Is there another book I should be reading? Jesus prayed that Peters faith failed not, so Satan found Judas to be available. Maybe I’ll post on it. After all if Jesus could walk on water and speak to storms, imagine what he could do if he unleashed his power in a military way. Suddenly, Superbook sends him to a time when Elijah battled the prophets of Baal, and showed the power of the one true God. Never happened. The Rest of this Post is for Blog Members Only. We are told Satan entered into him. Suddenly, when we read Paul’s letters with this in mind, the weirdness of Paul’s refusal to write about the life and times of the gospel Jesus of Nazareth disappears. I’ll bet these two paragraphs will seem a bit unclear to some, though I know exactly what I mean. The context of his report in Galatians concerns the content of the Gospel. The biggest objection is that the Gospels actually are not produced in their names. We are dealing with two different, irreconcilable stories, here. OR he made it up himself. The appearances reach their climax with the Ascension of Jesus before the assembled disciples on a mountain outside Jerusalem. When the disciples came ashore they found Jesus cooking breakfast for them. No one calls them Matthew and Mark until decades after they were in circulation. Dorcas Restored to Life. [41], David Friedrich Strauss (1808–1874), in his "Life of Jesus" (1835), argued that the resurrection was not an objective historical fact, but a subjective "recollection" of Jesus, transfiguring the dead Jesus into an imaginary, or "mythical," risen Christ. Paul himself indicates that there are all sorts of different Christian views on everything: he’s constantly fighting those who have “other” opinions on this, that, or the other thing. [51] The belief in Jesus' resurrection radically changed their perceptions, concluding from his absence that he must have been exalted to heaven, by God himself, exalting him to an unprecedented status and authority. Could Paul’s Letter to the Philippians be TWO Letters? Mark is writing down stories passed on verbally over the decades. He doesn’t know exactly what Judas did, or exactly why Judas did it. Then again, a theory has been proposed that Judas was in on it all along, perhaps being his most trusted disciple. "[42] Reflection on the Messianic hope, and Psalms 16:10,[note 2] led to an exalted state of mind, in which "the risen Christ" was present "in a visionary manner," concluding that Jesus must have escaped the bondage of death. So when Paul wrote in 1 Corinthians 15 that the risen Christ appeared individually to both Peter and James, he was effectively saying “I know this because I have heard their story first hand”. Moses stared in amazement. There never was a Jesus of Nazareth to get unified information about. He’s separated out like Paul separated James out in his text. Jesus Appears. Jerome, for example, was pushing very hard on the idea that Christians were to lead highly ascetic lives. This is also implied by Paul placing himself along with Cephas, the Twelve, the five hundred, James, and the rest of the apostles on the list of those to whom the resurrected Jesus appeared. is there anything in the historical writings which have religious priests getting criminals/non criminals crucified hours before high holy day ? No, Luke explicitly names Judas as the purchaser of a “chōrion” for himself, which makes perfect sense in light of the context of Luke’s literary agenda–he is contrasting Judas’ actions (his purchase) with those of the true followers of Christ who have sold their lands for the greater good of the kingdom. Of course, John’s base story is the same as the synoptics. Without modern navigational and meteorological science and technology it was quite easy to end up on the rocks. That one of his close disciples betrayed Jesus is rather embarrassing. But now imagine you’ve never heard of the gospels. intra-mentally), insisting instead that what appeared to him was quite physical and extra-mental; it was Jesus in the flesh, and so externally perceptible. Jesus had His well-known “feed m… This particular citation of the OT, along with Luke’s use of the Greek word “chōrion” in Acts 1:18, demonstrates that Luke is describing the purchase of a field or a farm that would also serve as Judas’ homestead, or dwelling, or place of living. Not worth sticking his neck out and alienating people who either believe he was the world’s greatest traitor, or the disciple closest to Jesus–the one Jesus entrusted with a special mission. After all, a man being found hanging from a tree is hardly proof positive that he hanged himself–as Americans, we all know, sadly, that there are other possible explanations. They’ve *already* heard the “Jesus story”, else, they wouldn’t be Christians, would they? Matthew tells us that Judas was so overtaken by guilt and remorse for his betrayal that he confessed his sins, returned the 30 pieces of silver to the chief priests, and ran off and hung himself. So nobody could really betray him, nobody could really kill him. He’s trying to unify disparate groups within the new cult. Jesus appears to Paul in prison. Fab insights Bart – many thanks! ”. Dr Ehrman, [web 1], According to Biblical scholar Géza Vermes, the resurrection is to be understood as a reviving of the self-confidence of the followers of Jesus, under the influence of the Spirit, "prompting them to resume their apostolic mission." A theory that was introduced to me many years ago that seemed quite compelling went like this. For him it was not enough that Mary was a virgin (since the mother of God obvioulsy could not have *sex*). But Paul supposedly met Peter before writing any of his epistles. I suppose though, that this doesn’t necessarily mean that it was a common tradition in Paul’s time a few decades earlier. 3. Would you agree? So wouldn’t this suggest that the tradition of Judas as the betrayer, was being widely circulated by the last quarter of the first century? Extremely difficult to do – I understand. No, he can’t mean cousin. Surely there must have been a short reference to “Field of Blood” in Q. I am sorry when I look in the mirror and my eyes are orange with a hint of red, and when I take a breath you feel power where it makes you want to pray… JK lol…. Paul seems to indicate that Jesus’ brothers were the new leaders (though not indicated anywhere that it was his will in case he died) even so, it is too early for Christianity to splinter like that. 9:1-9) Lastly, Jesus appeared after his ascension to Paul. After his conversion, we are told that Paul went into Arabia for 3 years (Gal 1:17-18), probably to study … But this reconciliation is unconvincing, first of all, because of Luke’s explicit wording that Judas purchased the field himself. Ah, an interesting question, and answering it involves a number of rather unexpected complexities. Saul was blinded. One, because the Greek words are so similar in spelling and meaning, they would be vulnerable to textual corruption (either accidental or purposeful). But, well, the reality is that we don’t know how much Paul knew about the traditions surrounding Jesus. As a result, Judas dies on the estate and his “homestead is to become desolate (Acts 1:20).” The vacancy of Judas’ farm comes to represent the vacancy in the apostolic circle that must be restored. If Jesus’ appearance to Paul was a vision, why would anyone assume that his appearances to the other people weren’t visions also? Wouldn’t Peter have informed him of the most important facts about Jesus’ life–including his betrayal by Judas? Hence a report that Jesus was betrayed by one of his own is likely to be true. Judas betrayed Jesus with a kiss. [8], The experiences of the risen Christ attested by the earliest written sources – the "primitive Church" creed of 1 Corinthians 15:3–5, Paul in 1 Corinthians 15:8 and Galatians 1:16 – are ecstatic rapture events and "invasions of heaven". But that has not stopped I think the document is held in the British Library. There is a growing scholarly opinion that John is not independent from the synoptic gospels. By purchasing the property by and for himself, Judas is making a conscious decision to separate himself from the apostolic circle. Paul, I think, tends to stay away from controversial subjects as much as possible. Here’s an interesting point. He literally is not interested in Jesus the person. Has any scholar posited the hypothesis that Timothy is the author of Luke-Acts? The Greek word for cousin in ANEPSIOS. Is he writing a complete history of Jesus’ life? generations of NT scholars to read the Gospels back into Paul and claim that, surely, these must have been the disciples of the Gospels. This is how all movements start out, religious, political, artistic. The Life of Flavius Josephus– What Really Happened at Jesus’ Trial Before Pilate? Why then does the NRSV say “betrayed”, not “handed over”? You’ll get lots for your money, so go for it! So he doesn’t. "[47] These visions may mostly have appeared during corporate worship. Most of the ones where there are tensions with Acts — everything from Paul’s statement that he sent Timothy back to the Thessalonians from Athens (1 Thess 3) to his explanation of his Gospel message (Romans 1:18-32). Perhaps this would kickstart the revolutionary showdown with the godless Romans. I don’t know who invented the version in the gospels, but it’s just silly. Considering Jesus’ underlying message of forgiveness, and the guilt of the other apostles (forsaking Jesus), is it feasible that Judas could have betrayed Jesus (with the intention of forcing his hand) and still remained one of the twelve? "[35][36], The appearances of Jesus are often explained as visionary experiences, in which the presence of Jesus was felt. Finally Jesus appeared to Saul of Tarsus - the man who became the Apostle Paul. In either case, whatever may be argued elsewhere, here it looks more probable that is Josephus is the one lying. In only one other New Testament book is there any reference to Judas’s death: Acts 1:18-19. Matthew 28:1–4 In the end of the sabbath, as it began to dawn toward the first day of the week, came Mary Magdalene and the other Maryto see the sepulchre. It’s important to distinguish between “turning over” someone, which implies that the Jewish authorities were first to take custody of someone, and merely accusing someone, which suggests that the Jewish authorities are only pointing fingers. The idea that Judas “betrayed” Jesus by pointing him out in the Garden is utter nonsense. Matthew, on the other hand, simply portrays the chief priests as buying “the potter’s field (“agros”) as a burial place for foreigners,” which, of course, has absolutely nothing at all to do with Judas. Does it ring a bell? Whether it was in the body or out of the body I do not know – God knows;"[17] Elsewhere in the Epistles Paul speaks of "glory" and "light" and the "face of Jesus Christ," and while the language is obscure it is plausible that he saw Jesus exalted, enthroned in heaven at the right hand of God. twelve”. A Fund-Raising Webinar: What Can We Really Know about the Birth of Jesus?? The post-resurrection appearances of Jesus are the reported earthly appearances of Jesus to his followers after his death and burial. #ProudCanadian, I have seen apologists try to harmonize the discrepancy regarding who exactly purchased the field of blood by claiming that Acts 1:18 really means to say that Judas indirectly acquired the field through the agency of the chief priests; therefore, the two passages (Matthew & Acts) are not technically in conflict since the chief priests do the actual purchasing in both versions of the story. More From This Episode > [See All] Paul Shipwreck Song. When Jesus signaled Judas at the last supper to go and do quickly, Judas in his deluded and self absorbed mind may have thought he was actually doing the right thing in setting up the betrayal. Look what the first Gospel says about the disciples when they are first appointed: Mk 3:14, “And he appointed twelve, whom he also named APOSTLES…”, and Mk 3:16, “So he appointed THE TWELVE…”. He called himself an apostle. Whenever I read something that has, as it’s foundation, an “argument from silence”, I am immediately suspicious. There did not need to be 12 men to be an accurate use of the term. You’ve taught us that Mark did not write the Gospel of Mark and Matthew did not write the Gospel of Matthew. This is assuming Judas did betray Jesus–as opposed to doing what Jesus wanted him to do. No one calls them Matthew and Mark until decades after they were in circulation. Jesus meeting Peter/Cephas alone is one of the few incidents recorded outside the Gospels. "[44][dubious – discuss], According to Ehrman, "the Christian view of the matter [is] that the visions were bona fide appearances of Jesus to his followers",[45] a view which is "forcefully stated in any number of publications. Judas may have believed in a coming Kingdom, but *not* in any kind of “Messiah.” And after the crucifixion, he had no regrets; he went on to have a long and reasonably happy life. I agree because they would not have to be because originally, for decades, they were oral traditions from different geographies. One option is that he heard it from a “prophet” who was “speaking the word of the Lord” at one of the weekly communion dinners. Completely different! 12th of 12 Jesus appears to the disciples with another commission, Luke 24:44-49 & Acts 1:3-8. Jesus had been preaching in the Temple, the hierarchy would have known all about him and Temple guards or Roman soldiers didn’t need Judas to point him out. That’s why I looked it up. It’s not impossible. My sense is that Gnosticism was a later development; it can’t be fully documented until the second Christian century. . When you say the author of the Gospel of Peter knew of Matthew’s traditions but did not know of Judas’ betrayal and death, do you mean he possibly had access to Matthew’s sources (but of course not anything involving Judas’ death) but not Matthew? 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Mostly have appeared during corporate worship, though they often do it differently in to... “ which ” when they don ’ t the gospels, is his version to. No, it appears to the rise of Christendom than Peter or Paul your bed. then. I think the matter would be James necessarily from the outset things he failed mention...
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