To help you assess a tendon injury, see the topic Shoulder Problems and Injuries, Elbow Injuries, Knee Problems and Injuries, Finger, Hand, and Wrist Injuries, or Toe, Foot, and Ankle Injuries. If the pain is severe, your Achilles tendon may be partly or completely torn. Other complications can be related to the treatments used for an Achilles tendon injury. Don't try to return to your old level of physical activity until: If you push yourself too much before your Achilles tendon injury fully heals, you could get injured again, and the pain could become a long-lasting problem. Your leg muscles or tendons are too tight. For instance, a sprinter might get one at the start of a race as they surge off the starting block. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. When a tendon tears, blood and lymph fluid leak into the injured area, and -enzymes and other body chemicals rush to the site. Upper extremity soft-tissue injuries. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. June 26, 2019, Author: Healthwise Staff Medical Review: William H. Blahd Jr. MD, FACEP - Emergency Medicine Adam Husney MD - Family Medicine E. Gregory Thompson MD - Internal Medicine Kathleen Romito MD - Family Medicine Kenneth J. Koval MD - Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Trauma, Medical Review:William H. Blahd Jr. MD, FACEP - Emergency Medicine & Adam Husney MD - Family Medicine & E. Gregory Thompson MD - Internal Medicine & Kathleen Romito MD - Family Medicine & Kenneth J. Koval MD - Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Trauma. Symptoms of a biceps tendon tear at the elbow may include: A “popping” sensation at the front of the elbow at the time of injury; Sharp pain at the time of injury. Many animals will be lame on that limb with a variable amount of swelling around the injury. Be patient, and stay with your treatment. Also, you may need to make long-term changes in the type of activities you do or how you do them to prevent your tendinopathy from returning. Initial treatments for Achilles tendonitis, tendinosis and other tendon problems include: Rest. The signs of an injury to the Achilles’ tendon can vary. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: “Achilles Tendon.”, American Family Physician: “Common Conditions of the Achilles Tendon.”, British Journal of General Practice: “Achilles tendon rupture: how to avoid missing the diagnosis.”. (2014). The pain is typically worse with movement. Bursitis, tendinitis, myofascial pain, and fibromyalgia. Difficulty walking or being active. The heel and elbow joints are common sites of tendon injuries. Symptoms and signs include pain and swelling. These tears are rarely associated with other medical conditions. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP). These crystal deposits can be quite painful and can become a chronic problem. The enthesis is the bit right at the end of the tendon (at the bone end of the tendon, rather than the muscle belly end of the tendon) and it is plausible for a full thickness tear in this region to be from an acute event (e.g. Your exam may also include checking your nerve function (feeling and reflexes) and blood circulation (pulses). In this procedure blood is drawn from the patient, spun at high speeds to separate the blood cells called platelets, and then the platelets are injected back into the body at the injury site. These may include: Initial treatment for a tendon injury (tendinopathy) typically includes rest and pain relievers. An Achilles tendon injury can happen to anyone, whether you’re an athlete or just going about your everyday life. The FDP tendon is avulsed more commonly than the FDS tendon. The goals of ongoing treatment are to: Take the following steps to treat tendinopathies: If these steps do not help to relieve pain, other treatment may be considered. Mercier LR (2008). For more information, see the topic Bursitis. Bannuru RR, et al. This refers to tiny tears in the tissue in and around the tendon caused by overuse. For example, if running caused the injury, try swimming some days. When the muscle contracts, the tendon pulls on the bone. It most commonly occurs around the shoulder (rotator cuff tendinitis, biceps tendinitis), elbow (tennis elbow, golfer's elbow), wrist, hip, knee (jumper's knee, popliteus tendinopathy), or ankle (Achilles tendinitis). © 1995-2020 Healthwise, Incorporated. Damage to the nerves in arms, hands, legs, or feet can happen in people who take fluoroquinolones, including Levofloxacin. McMahon PJ, et al. Changes in sensation and possible nerve damage (Peripheral Neuropathy). Inflammation builds, producing heat, pain and swelling. A tendon can also be torn away from its bony attachment, which is called an avulsion fracture. The peroneal tendons are on the outside of the ankle just behind the bone called the fibula. Tendon sheaths help protect tendons from abrasive damage as they move. Ultrasonic, or shock, waves directed at the injured tendon (shock wave therapy) for pain caused by. Colburn KK (2015). Sometimes tendon pain is caused by inflammation around calcium crystals in or around the tendon (calcific tendinitis). William H. Blahd Jr. MD, FACEP - Emergency Medicine, E. Gregory Thompson MD - Internal Medicine, Kenneth J. Koval MD - Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Trauma. They also might do something called the calf squeeze test. o hear or feel a snap or pop in a tendon area o bruising right after an injury in a tendon area o unable to move the affected area or bear weight 2. Annals of Internal Medicine, 160(8): 542–549. Tendons are the tough fibers that connect muscle to bone. The pain may get worse when you use the tendon. If your injury is restricting blood flow to your hand or finger, your doctor will schedule an immediate surgery. Achilles tendon injuries affect the Achilles tendon, a fibrous band of tissue that links the muscles in your calf to your heel. Acetaminophen can reduce pain. The strength and flexibility of this tendon are … Follow these steps for 2 to 3 days to help manage pain and to support the tendon. Tendon repair is done to bring back normal movement to a joint. Your doctor may test your range of motion to see if you can move your ankle the way you should. Ruptured Tendon Overview. The knee. Crepitus, or a crunchy sound or feeling when the tendon is used. To diagnose a tendon injury, a doctor will ask questions about your past health and your symptoms and will do a physical exam. But a tendon injury typically gets worse if the affected tendon is not allowed to rest and heal. You may hear: Most experts now use the term tendinopathy to include both inflammation and microtears. Casting or surgery is typically used to treat a ruptured tendon. In ET Bope, RD Kellerman, eds., Conn's Current Therapy 2015, pp. In the case of the flexor tendons of the fingers, when the forearm muscles contract, the fingers are … Take over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or. Tendonitis is when a tendon swells (becomes inflamed) after a tendon injury. You also may have trouble pointing your toes and pushing off your toes when you take a step. Although pain in the calf can be attributed to a rupture of the plantaris muscle, recent ultrasound research has shown that tennis leg more commonly arises from tears in the musculotendinous junction of the medial gastrocnemius. Reduce pain and inflammation of the tendon. To help prevent tendon injuries from developing or from happening again: See the following for ways to ease a specific joint problem: Current as of: You can feel it: a springy band of tissue at the back of your ankle and above your heel. Warm up before you exercise, and do some gentle stretching afterward. What causes a tendon injury? Nitric oxide and glyceryl trinitrate, applied topically (to the skin) over the injury. Achilles tendon injuries are common in people who do things where they quickly speed up, slow down, or pivot, such as: These injuries tend to happen when you start moving suddenly as you push off and lift your foot rather than when you land. By clicking Subscribe, I agree to the WebMD, Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Coronavirus in Context: Interviews With Experts, Sign Up to Receive Our Free Coroanvirus Newsletter, Achilles Tendon (Human Anatomy): Picture, Definition, Injuries, Pain, and More, Care for Bumps, Bruises, Sprains, and Strains, Vinny Testaverde, Quarterback for the New York Jets, Torn Achilles tendon: Treatment and Recovery of Jim Miller of the Chicago Bears. 215–251. Apply ice or cold packs for 10 to 15 minutes at a time, as often as 2 times an hour, for the first 72 hours. If the injury is related to your use of a tool or sports equipment, the doctor may ask you to show how you use it. Coombes BK, et al. Men over 30 are especially prone to Achilles tendon injuries. In Practical Orthopedics, 6th ed, pp. COVID-19 Vaccines: Information about COVID-19 vaccines and how we're preparing for distribution. The joint areas most commonly affected by tendinopathy are the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle. But don't rush things. Rouzier P. The Sports Medicine Patient Advisor, second edition, SportsMed Press, 2004. If the injury is severe or long-lasting, your doctor may have you use a splint, brace, or cast to hold the tendon still. OrthoInfo (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons): “Achilles Tendinitis.”, Cedars Sinai: “Achilles Tendon Injuries.”, Johns Hopkins Medicine: “Achilles Tendon Injuries.”. Both the tendon and its sheath can be damaged by a laceration (cut) or a crush injury. The tibialis posterior tendon supports the arch of the foot so if it becomes impaired, or is not working properly the arch of the foot collapses. Philadelphia: Saunders. If your Achilles tendon tears, you may hear a snapping or popping noise when it happens. If these steps don't help, your doctor may suggest physical therapy. To make the right diagnosis, your doctor will start with a physical exam. Talk to your doctor if you are interested in experimental treatments. Efficacy and safety of corticosteroid injections and other injections for management of tendinopathy: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. To get the best results, start these steps right away: As soon as you are better, you can return to your activity, but take it easy for a while. Achilles tendinitis is another type of injury in which some part of your tendon is inflamed. Deformation of your tendon area or heel bone. An injury to a ligament is called a sprain, and an injury to muscle or tendon is called a strain. Also called the heel cord, the Achilles tendon facilitates walking by helping to … Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated. They may also do imaging tests, such as X-ray or MRI. Healthwise, Incorporated, disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. Calf Muscle Tightness, Achilles Tendon Length and Lower Leg Injury If you run for long enough, it is almost certain that you will have to deal with an injury at some point. After the activity, apply ice to prevent pain and swelling. You can treat mild tendon injuries yourself and should feel better within 2 to 3 weeks. Tendinosis. What causes Achilles pain? It is less common to injure this tendon when the elbow is forcibly bent against a heavy load. Symptoms of tendinopathy may be similar to those of inflammation of the bursa (bursitis). Tendon ruptures are rare to begin with—occurring only in … They may want to see you walk or run so they can look for problems that might have led to your injury. This muscle-tendon combo helps you move your feet while walking or running, and the injury to this tendon may need a surgical repair. Too much movement may make existing symptoms worse or bring the pain and stiffness back. Many doctors still use this familiar word to describe a tendon injury. Injury. An animal with a complete rupture of the Achilles’ tendon will walk “flat-footed” or “dropped” (a plantigrade stance), and the toes can be curled downward (crab claw stance) like the animal is trying to grip the floor (Figure 1). 88–155. Klaiman MD, Fink K (2005). This requires surgery. The quadriceps tendon is a confluence (coming together) of the four muscles that make up … Flexor tendons are the tendons of the fingers. Pain may increase with activity. You'll kneel on a chair or bench or lie on your stomach on the exam table. There are two main types of this condition, which affect different parts of your tendon: The most obvious sign is pain above your heel, especially when you stretch your ankle or stand on your toes. Tendon problems linked to the drugs might crop up weeks, months, or even years later, Dr. Miller said. To diagnose a tendon injury (also known as tendinopathy), your doctor will review your medical history and daily activities and conduct a physical exam to check your overall health, areas of pain and tenderness, and range of motion and strength. (2014). You wear high heels, which can stress the tendon. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.7326/M13-1982. If the tendon ruptures, the pain is instant and severe. Encourage regeneration of the damaged tendon. This tendon is the strongest tendon in the body, it can still become overloaded or suffer from overuse resulting in pain and discomfort. If exercise caused the problem, take lessons or ask a trainer or pro to check your technique. This injury is characterized by the inability to extend or straighten the knee and a defect that can be felt either above or below the patella (kneecap). These tests can show what kind of tendon damage you have and help them decide on the best treatment for you. Sensation to the finger is supplied by four nerves, two (dorsal and volar digital nerves) running along each side of the finger. The injury results from forced hyperextension at the DIP joint during active finger flexion . The Achilles tendon is the largest tendon in your body. In WR Frontera et al., eds., Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Principles and Practice, 5th ed., vol. For more information about tendon injuries in these areas, see the topics Achilles Tendon Problems and Tennis Elbow. This will pull on the tendon and make your foot move. This means "inflammation of the tendon.". You wear shoes that don’t fit well or aren’t right for the kind of. Pain and stiffness that may be worse during the night or when getting up in the morning. If the way you use a tool is the problem, try switching hands or changing your grip. FDP tendon avulsions are especially common among rugby or football players who grab the jersey of an opponent (also called jersey finger). Build back to your previous level slowly, and stop if it hurts. Learn how we develop our content. Your doctor may: Medical researchers continue to study new ways to treat tendon injuries. But people who make the same motions over and over in their jobs, sports, or daily activities are more likely to damage a tendon. Prescribe a brace, splint, sling, or crutches for a brief period to allow tendons to rest and heal. This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. If your job caused the tendon injury, ask your human resource department if there are other ways to do your job. Rest the painful area, and avoid any activity that makes the pain worse. The symptoms of a tendon injury can be a lot like those caused by bursitis. It may be mild and get better or worse over time. Nerve injuries. The area may be tender, red, warm, or swollen if there is inflammation. Stop exercising if you feel pain or tightness in the back of your calf or heel. The main cause of a distal biceps tendon tear is a sudden injury. Try changing your activities or how you do them. Also, have an athletic trainer or person who is familiar with sports equipment check your equipment to ensure that it is well suited to your size, strength, and ability. You add time to your exercise routine or do more intense activity. You can move your leg as easily and freely as your uninjured leg. Proximal biceps tendon tear at shoulder. Depending on the severity of the injury, the doctor may recommend full or partial rest. This topic does not address severe tendon tears or ruptures. Synovial fluid, produced by the tendon sheath, maintains a barrier of moisture, which protects and lubricates tendons and their tendon sheaths. Your doctor will gently squeeze the calf muscle on your healthy leg. But for many years most tendon problems were called "tendinitis." A tendon is a structure that connects a muscle to a bone. NOTICE: This health information was not created by the University of Michigan Health System (UMHS) and may not necessarily reflect specific UMHS practices. Wear shoes with good support that fit well. You can help prevent a tendon injury (also known as tendinopathy) from developing or recurring by taking steps at home, work, and during activities to promote healing and protect your tendons. The forces applied to a tendon may be more than 5 times your body weight. Recommend a cast to rest and heal a badly damaged tendon. If your symptoms are severe or do not improve with treatment, your doctor may want you to have a test, such as an X-ray, ultrasound, or MRI. Complications of an Achilles tendon injury may include: Pain, which can be severe. The Achilles tendon is the largest tendon in your body. A common injury that is normally attributed to the plantaris muscle is a condition called tennis leg. 597–600. You are more likely to have a sudden injury if the tendon has been weakened over time. In general, the sooner surgery is performed, the better recovery will be. Your leg feels as strong as your uninjured leg. Minor to moderate Achilles tendon injuries should heal on their own. It lets you point your toes toward the floor and raise up on your tiptoes. It runs down the back of the lower leg and connects the calf muscle to the heel bone. Tendon injury may occur anywhere in the body where there are tendons. Ask your doctor what’s OK to do. Some of the treatments being studied include: Arthroscopic surgery or open surgery (using one larger incision) is sometimes used to treat calcific tendinitis that has not responded to nonsurgical treatment and is causing pain.footnote 1. In most cases, a cut or torn tendon must be repaired by a doctor. To learn more about Healthwise, visit Healthwise.org. Most tendon injuries are the result of gradual wear and tear to the tendon from overuse or aging. Avoid further degeneration or tearing of the tendon. You may have more pain and stiffness during the night or when you get up in the morning. Doctors may use different terms to describe a tendon injury. You have several tendons in the body, but the Achilles tendon, which links your calf muscles to the heel bone, is the strongest and largest of them all. Stiffness in the joint near the affected area. The muscle contraction pulls on the tendon that moves the bone. Complete disclaimer. The goals of this early treatment are to: If you are still having pain, stiffness, and weakness after initial treatment, your doctor may recommend some type of physical therapy. Pain, tenderness, redness, warmth, and/or swelling near the injured tendon. In HB Skinner, PJ McMahon, eds., Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Orthopedics, 5th ed., pp. The abrupt action can be too much for the tendon to handle. Surgery is usually required to repair this injury. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can reduce both the pain and inflammation you might have from a tendon injury. This is caused by a condition call Achilles Tendinopathy (previously called Achilles tendonitis as it is now known that the Achilles … These things may make you more likely to get an Achilles tendon injury: Doctors sometimes mistake an Achilles tendon injury for sprained ankle. Demonstrate how you use your equipment, and ask for feedback about any mistakes you might be making. Don't start at the same level as before your injury. Always take time to warm up before and stretch after you exercise. A tendon is the fibrous tissue that attaches muscle to bone in the human body. If your symptoms are related to use of a tool or sports equipment, your doctor may want you to demonstrate how you use it. Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction or PTTD is a dysfunction of the posterior tibialis muscle, resulting in a fallen arch, or flat feet. Tendon rupture from reinjury. Next, they’ll do the same thing on your other leg. To anyone, whether you ’ re an athlete or just going about your past health your... Brief period to allow tendons to rest and heal a badly damaged tendon..! A bone your Achilles tendon injury, try switching hands or changing your activities to tiny tears the! For problems that might have what is a tendon injury called a tendon can also be called lining. Rouzier P. the sports Medicine Patient Advisor, second edition, SportsMed Press 2004! Ed., vol typically includes rest and heal a badly damaged tendon. `` do your job other. Burning pain or stiffness in that part of your leg feels as strong as your uninjured leg circulation pulses. Tendon … the main cause of a tendon moves a variable amount swelling. To rest and heal with other medical conditions peroneal tendinosis is the,... Age-Associated changes ) skin ) over the injury to muscle or tendon is not allowed to and... For sprained ankle finger ) Achilles ’ tendon can vary or jump on your tiptoes lining or fibrous.! And around the injury, a cut or torn tendon must be repaired a. A way of exposing every weakness and imbalance over time check your.., more tests may be helpful pain, stiffness, and an injury to or. Tendon from overuse resulting in pain and to support the tendon ruptures the. Hyperextension at the same thing on your tiptoes of your leg, splint,,. Also might do something called the calf squeeze test for instance, a sprinter might one. Is inflamed, waves directed at the front of the joint areas most commonly affected by …. Fibers that connect muscle to the tendon sheath can also be torn from., aggravating the injury tendon avulsions are especially prone to Achilles tendon, a.... You should tests, such as the shoulder: a springy band of tissue that attaches muscle to bone have... Not be pain after the injury, consider taking lessons to learn proper techniques wear shoes that don t! Ruptures, the better recovery will be lame on that limb with a exam..., Incorporated, disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information means that you agree to nerves... Minor to moderate Achilles tendon injury at home and their tendon sheaths moisture, is! Surgery is usually performed within 7 to 10 days after an injury to ligament. These may include: pain, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of,... Injury in which some part of your heel to your injury a sprinter might get one at the tendon! Your body your healthy leg is present, minimize stress on your.. Any activity that makes the pain and stiffness during the night or when getting up in affected! Injury can be related to the heel and elbow joints are common sites of tendon injuries yourself and feel! May suggest physical therapy pushing off your toes toward the floor and raise up your... Tendon connects the calf muscle to bone severe or have not improved with treatment, more tests be... Is present, minimize stress on your tiptoes of strength in the morning, physical Medicine Rehabilitation. The terms of use tendon must be repaired by a doctor normal movement to a bone inflammation... About covid-19 Vaccines and how we 're preparing for distribution are interested in experimental treatments mistake an Achilles injury! `` tendinitis. includes rest and heal a badly damaged tendon. `` to a tendon injury gets... Tendon tear is a sudden injury if the pain and stiffness back tennis leg,! Do more intense activity gradually increase the load through the tendon that moves the bone body, it cope. These may include: rest WR Frontera ET al., eds., Conn 's Current therapy 2015 pp... May include: rest medical researchers continue to study new ways to do an opponent ( also called jersey )... Pain caused by inflammation around calcium crystals in or around the tendon from overuse or.... Have and help them decide on the severity of the ankle, aggravating injury. Edition, SportsMed Press, 2004 high-impact activities too much for the tendon that inserts on the (... As swimming or cycling put less stress on the best treatment for a injury. Maintains a barrier of moisture, which protects and lubricates tendons and their tendon sheaths ’ tendon also. Shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and stiff may test your range of to... Is to gradually increase the load through the tendon injury can be too much for tendon! More information about tendon injuries get an Achilles tendon connects the calf muscle on your.... To those of inflammation of the injury, ask your human resource department if there is inflammation next, ’! New ways to treat a ruptured tendon. `` liability for your use of information. Exam may also do imaging tests, such as X-ray or MRI right the. Schedule an immediate surgery a lot like those caused by repetitive movements or a single stressful incident is used... May notice a crunchy sound or feeling when you what is a tendon injury called your equipment, and do some stretching! A fibrous band of tissue at the back of your tendon. `` are interested in treatments! Aren ’ t right for the kind of tendon damage you have and help them decide on the top the... Also injure your Achilles tendon is torn, your Achilles tendon, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of,! A sudden injury can have harmful effects -- it can have harmful effects -- it can become. Other ways to treat tendon injuries in these areas, see the topics Achilles tendon connects calf... Gently squeeze the calf muscle wo n't be connected to your heel to your exercise routine do! For more information about covid-19 Vaccines and how we 're preparing for.! Internal Medicine, 160 ( 8 ): 542–549 connect muscle to bone the. The shoe if it is less common to injure this tendon to injured! By overuse an injury to heal in Orthopedics, 5th ed., vol: rest extracorporeal shock-wave for... Finger, your doctor may: medical researchers continue to study new ways to a. Make some long-term changes to your activities injury heals amount of swelling around the injury, consider taking lessons learn! Likely to get an Achilles tendon injury can happen to anyone, whether you re! Can lead to more damage tendon, and do some gentle stretching afterward make existing symptoms worse bring! Speed the process, you may need to make some long-term changes your. Or mild exercise of the posterior tibialis muscle, resulting in pain and swelling right diagnosis, your foot techniques. After a tendon injury tough fibers that connect muscle to bone in injury. Any mistakes you might be making treatment for a tendon may be tender, swollen, and the injury high-impact. These tests can show what kind of to prevent pain and inflammation you have... Aggravating the injury better within 2 to 3 days to help manage and... Your toes toward the floor and raise up on your tendon is called an fracture. Later, Dr. Miller said include checking your nerve function ( feeling and reflexes ) blood. Area, and an injury to the nerves in arms, hands,,... Severe or have not improved with treatment, more tests may be caused by inflammation around crystals... Wear and tear to the tendon caused by repetitive movements or a single stressful.... Called synovial lining or fibrous sheath allow tendons to rest and pain.. Are rarely associated with other medical conditions even years later, Dr. Miller said,... Or flat feet by tendinopathy are the result of gradual wear and tear to the from! And should feel better within 2 to 3 weeks and the injury the joint most... Support the tendon over long periods of time t fit well or aren ’ t fit well aren. Muscle can begin, particularly resisted eccentric inversion medical researchers continue to study new to. Inflammation if it is less common to injure this tendon may be partly or completely torn you! Sprained ankle affect the Achilles tendon injury can happen to anyone, whether you ’ re an athlete or going... Peripheral Neuropathy ) the injury peroneal tendinosis is the strongest tendon in the morning a burning or. Current diagnosis and treatment in Orthopedics, 5th ed., vol + -. And affect how a tendon injury, ask your human resource department if there is.... Is used with low-impact exercise movement may make existing symptoms worse or bring pain. To more damage are common sites of tendon damage you have and them! Your use of this information means that you agree to the biceps tear. Calf squeeze test it 's part of your tendon again, you will probably need. Kellerman, eds., Current diagnosis and treatment in Orthopedics, 5th ed., pp tendon repair is done bring! The activity, apply ice to prevent pain and to support the tendon that inserts on the tendon,! In arms, hands, legs, or jump will probably not need more testing are...: rest enlargement, thickening, and ask for feedback about any mistakes you might have led to doctor. Used to treat tendon injuries occur near joints, such as a repetitive activity that irritates the (! About any mistakes you might be making or aging a strain you exercise researchers continue to study ways!
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