Upon much of Ireland gaining independence in 1922 as the Irish Free State, the other territories of the Empire remained under the control of the United Kingdom. Several provinces and territories have joined since Confederation. [6] The governor also often had an Executive Council which had a similar function to the Cabinet in England but was not responsible to the colonial lower house. The majority of English speaking countries are part of the British Commonwealth. British raj, period of direct British rule over the Indian subcontinent from 1858 until the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947. [14][15] The dominions had been previously Crown colonies, and some of the colonies had been united to form dominions such as Union of South Africa and Commonwealth of Australia. Below are the British Commonwealth countries in alphabetical order. List of Commonwealth Countries - voting rights. During the Imperial Conference, there was a gathering of political figures at an event held by the prime ministers across the British Empire at the time. These countries are known as the “Commonwealth of Nations”. Arthur Berriedale Keith, in Speeches and Documents on the British Dominions 1918–1931, stated that "the Dominions are sovereign international States in the sense that the King in respect of each of His Dominions (Newfoundland excepted) is such a State in the eyes of international law". The Commonwealth was initially formed at the beginning of the twentieth century following the decolonization of the British Empire, which began in 1945 and fully dismantled by 1997. [16], Mandates were forms of territory created after the end of the First World War. From 1714 to 1837 the British throne was held by a series of kings who were also the rulers of the German state of Hanover. Which countries are ruled by the Queen of England? A document called the Balfour Declaration was signed in 1926, and it marked the official start of the British Commonwealth of Nations. Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria, British Military administration in Cyrenicia & Tripolitania, Presidencies and provinces of British India, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Declaration of Independence of the United States, Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act, Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence, Impact of Western European colonialism and colonisation, List of countries that gained independence from the United Kingdom. He dug into the history of almost 200 … The policy of granting or recognizing significant degrees of self-government by dependencies, which was favoured by the far-flung nature of … The College of Arms is the authority on the flying of flags in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and maintains the only official register of flags for these countries. Spanish occupation and expulsion of settlers in 1782, Colony of the Bay Islands. Of the territories with a permanent population, all have at least some degree of internal self-government, with the United Kingdom retaining responsibility for defence and external relations. A lot of this comes from it's geographical position. There were so many additions, alterations, and revisions to the Commonwealth of Nations until 1949. Main settlement was Port Clarence now known as Malabo, Protectorate declared over hinterland of Gambia River in 1894, Incorporated into the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria, Italian forces expelled, UN trusteeship of, Created from the Colony & Protectorate of, Annexed to form part of Her Majesty's dominions as part of the dominion of, United with Mashonaland as South Zambezia in 1894, United with Matabeleland as South Zambezia in 1894, Not a member of the Commonwealth between 1961 and 1994, Established as condominium between UK, France and Spain (later also Portugal, USA, Italy, Belgium, Sweden and the Netherlands), Zone dissolved, Tangier returned to Morocco, Reverted to control of the Hudson's Bay Company, Formed by the federation of the provinces of the, Re-established within the Dominion of Canada as the province of, Formed by the amalgamation of the provinces of Lower and Upper Canada, Joined the Dominion of Canada and divided into the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, Now the southern halves of Ontario and Quebec, Canada, Re-established within the Dominion of Canada as the province of Ontario in 1867, Sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain, Now part of the state of Florida, United States, Now divided between the Canadian provinces of, Nominally included territory that is now part of the provinces of, Divided into the provinces of Lower Canada and Upper Canada, Nominally included territory that is now part of the Canadian territories and provinces of, Now divided between British Columbia and Yukon, Canada, Southern part returned to Spanish sovereignty; sovereignty of northern part formally relinquished by Great Britain, Part of colony of St. Christopher, Nevis, Anguilla, and the British Virgin Islands, Unilateral declaration of independence as, Independence as part of Antigua and Barbuda, Colony of Port Royal (Roatan). In 1905, the colonial government divided Bengal into Hindu and Muslim sections; this … Although the term British Isles has a long history of common usage, it has become increasingly controversial, especially for some in Ireland who object to its connotation of political and cultural connections between Ireland and the United Kingdom. Members of the Executive Council were not necessarily members of the lower house but were usually members of the upper house. In theory these territories were governed on behalf of the League of Nations for the benefit of their inhabitants. See England; Ireland; Northern Ireland; Scotland; United Kingdom; Wales. This is what British historian Stuart Laycock learned after his son asked him how many countries Britain had invaded. From there, the British Commonwealth started going by the Commonwealth of Nations, and you will commonly see it shortened as the Commonwealth. From there, other countries and even the entire continent of Australia became part of the Commonwealth. Compact Oxford English Dictionary - "Crown colony". "Popular Law Library Vol 1 Introduction To The Study Of Law Legal History", Peace Treaties and International Law in European History, From the Late Middle Ages to World War One, Burgundian and Habsburg in the Low Countries, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Territorial_evolution_of_the_British_Empire&oldid=1000805452, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, English as a dominant or an official language, Northern part merged into Nigeria, southern part into the, Territory included former IBEAC territories and the strip of Sultan of Zanizbar's dominions on the coast of Kenya which fell within the British sphere of influence, Lands of Sultan of Zanzibar on coast administered with the Colony as one unit, Island leased from Spain so that Royal Navy could undertake anti-slavery operations on West Coast of Africa. Proprietary colonies in America were governed by a Lord Proprietor, who, holding authority by virtue of a royal charter, usually exercised that authority almost as an independent sovereign. Today, more than twenty countries around the world are still ruled by monarchies. ... but in 1841 New Zealand became a British colony in its own right. This page was last edited on 16 January 2021, at 20:22. Fifteen of these (known, with the United Kingdom, as the 16 Commonwealth realms) retain the British monarch (currently Queen Elizabeth II) as Head of State. Since then, many territories around the world have been under the control of the United Kingdom or its predecessor states. The British also created "divide and rule" policies, pitting Hindu and Muslim Indians against one another. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK), since 1922, comprises four constituent countries: England, Scotland, and Wales (which collectively make up Great Britain), as well as Northern Ireland (variously described as a country, province or region). However, after the passage of the Statute of Westminster the language of dependency on the Crown of the United Kingdom ceased, where the Crown itself was no longer referred to as the Crown of any place in particular but simply as "the Crown". They had captured about a quarter of the world's land mass, becoming the largest empire to date. The Commonwealth of Nations is different from the Commonwealth of Independent States. Vaccines minister … Together, these countries formed the British Empire. LOCKDOWN will be “gradually lifted” in March once all over 70s have received the coronavirus vaccine, the government hopes. These are all independent countries -not ruled or governed by the UK. The natures of the administration of the Empire changed both by time and place, and there was no uniform system of government in the Empire.[1][2]. All territories in Canada are part of the Commonwealth, and the same is true of Australia. Jamaica: 6 August: 1962 Independence Day (6 August) See England; Ireland; Northern Ireland; Scotland; United Kingdom; Wales. The UK Prime Minister's website has used the phrase "countries within a country" to describe the United Kingdom. Eventually these were converted to Crown colonies. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England between the … However, a lot of countries have since left the UK’s rule. When the Kingdom of Great Britain was formed in 1707 by the union of the Kingdom of Scotland with the Kingdom of England, the latter country's colonial possessions passed to the new state. Generally their law was the common law of England together with whatever British Acts of Parliament were also applied to them. No uniform system of government was applied to any of these. The fourteen British Overseas Territories are: This is a listing of the more important treaties, Acts of Parliament, and other legal instruments and events affecting the nature and territorial extent of the British Empire. No one is ‘under’ the British monarchy. The territorial evolution of the British Empire is considered to have begun with the foundation of the English colonial empire in the late 16th century. Spanish sovereignty recognized in 1748, Illegal but well-established English settlements. The queen of the UK is also separately the queen of a number of other Commonwealth countries who choose to have her as their head of state. Almost all of the British Overseas Territories are islands (or groups of islands) with a small population; some are in very remote areas of the world. [5] Most Crown colonies, especially the white settler colonies had a bicameral legislature, consisting of an upper house usually called the Legislative council, which members were appointed and served a similar purpose as the British House of Lords. These were all places Britain wanted to dominate for access to goods such as rubber, salt, gold, ivory, and other natural products. The British Empire ruled over many countries in Africa, beginning in 1870. A protected state is a territory under a foreign ruler which enjoys British protection, over whose foreign affairs she exercises control, but in respect of whose internal affairs she does not exercise jurisdiction. The Lord Lyon King of Arms holds a similar role within Scotland. [3][4], Crown colonies were ruled by a governor appointed by the monarch. In legal terms the territories included those formally under the sovereignty of the British monarch (who held the additional title of Emperor (or Empress) of India from 1876 to 1947); various "foreign" territories controlled as protectorates; territories transferred to British administration under the authority of the League of Nations or the United Nations; and miscellaneous other territories, such as the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, a condominium with Egypt. However, a lot of countries have since left the UK’s rule. End of the, Ireland unites with Great Britain to form the, Joint British-Egyptian condominium established over, Cyprus (Annexation) Order in Council 1914, Financial difficulties result in Newfoundland losing its status as a dominion, Australia adopts the Statute of Westminster, backdated to 1939, New Zealand adopts the Statute of Westminster, Newfoundland becomes a province of Canada, The status of "colony" is renamed "dependent territory", Hong Kong is transferred to the People's Republic of China, The status of "British Dependent Territory" is renamed "British Overseas Territory", Queen Elizabeth II first monarch to be titled Queen of Canada (accession to the throne of Canada in 1952). Abolished with the reversal of the partition and the creation of the new province of, Administration while nominally remaining part of the, Two sovereign base areas remain under British sovereignty; see under "Akrotiri and Dhekelia", Conquest of principality of Gwynedd (last remaining independent Welsh principality), Annexation of Principality of Wales and Marcher Lordships into England, Republic as the Commonwealth of England. ... European countries with interest in Africa met in Berlin in 1884 to divide the continent among themselves. Collectively, these territories are referred to as the British Empire. There also existed lower houses which were usually named the Legislative Assembly or House of Assembly. These fifty-three nations have a combined population of over two-point-three billion people, with the most densely populated countries being Bangladesh, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom. The big boys in this political set up would probably be the Sikh rulers in the north west, the Marathas in western and central India, and the Mysore Kingdom of Tipu Sultan. Since then, many territories around the world have been under the control of the United Kingdom or its predecessor states. Queen Victoria's 1837 ascension to the throne ushered in British empire industrialization and global expansion. The British Commonwealth refers to a collection of countries associated with the same political affiliation, meaning that the Commonwealth of Nations is intended to bring countries together and provide them with a foundation for economic growth, financial prosperity, and just overall success for all nations involved. Although the term British Isles has a long history of common usage, it has become increasingly controversial, especially for some in Ireland who object to its connotation of political and cultural connections between Ireland and the United Kingdom. Five years later, the United Kingdom officially upheld the formation of the Commonwealth by signing a document called the Statute of Westminster. It is an island, so it is well protected, having a water barrier, and on top of that was the dominant navy force for most of the time. Dominion status was formally defined in the Balfour Declaration of 1926, which recognised these countries as "autonomous Communities within the British Empire", thus acknowledging them as political equals of the United Kingdom; the Statute of Westminster 1931 converted this status into legal reality, making them essentially independent members of what was then called the British Commonwealth. This became the main method of creating and governing colonies. They held a consultative position, however, and did not serve in administrative offices as cabinet ministers do. The UK Prime Minister's website has used the phrase "countries within a country" to describe the United Kingdom. A number of German colonies and protectorates and Ottoman provinces were held as mandates by the United Kingdom (Tanganyika, British Cameroons, Togoland, Palestine and Mesopotamia); and its dominions of Australia (New Guinea, Nauru), New Zealand (Western Samoa), and South Africa (South West Africa). Scotland and Ireland united with England, End of Republic. The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. The British Empire is only one of the more recent ones and likely the only one you are familiar with coming from a largely English speaking bias. There are 195 countries in this world and there are only few countries that are never ruled by the British Empire.British is the only one country who take over more countries all over the world.British Empire take over all over the world except only 22 countries. A Crown colony: a type of colonial administration of the English and later the British Empire, whose legislature and administration were controlled by the Crown. China. Many of the former territories of the British Empire are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Every continent in the world has member countries that are part of the British Commonwealth of Nations. Britain was the dominant world power about 100–200 years ago. British East Africa, territories that were formerly under British control in eastern Africa—namely Kenya, Uganda, and Zanzibar and Tanganyika (now Tanzania). [8], Charter colony is one of the three classes of colonial government established in the 17th-century English colonies in North America. Split between the re-established province of Assam and the re-constituted presidency of Bengal, Ceded by the Dutch and subordinated to the, Kowloon and Stonecutters Island ceded by China, New Territories leased from China for 99 years, Labuan to British N. Borneo on 15 July 1946, British sovereignty relinquished; proposed partition between a Jewish and an Arab state never fully materialized; the Jewish state -, Two sections of the former Palestine Mandate outside Israel - the, Part of Straits Settlements (crown colony), Established by the partition of Bengal. Out of all fifty-three countries, India's population accounts for most of the Commonwealth's total population. Fifty-three countries are recognized as part of the Commonwealth of Nations. At this point, the London Declaration was compiled and written by an Indian official by the name of VK Krishna Menon, and the member nations signed it in the same year. [9], A number of colonies in the 16th and 17th centuries were granted to a particular individual; these were known as proprietary colonies. British Guiana 26 May: 1966 India: British Raj 15 August: 1947 Independence Day (India) Iraq: 3 October: 1932 Israel: Mandatory Palestine 14 May: 1948 Independence declared after League of Nations mandate ended, and reaffirmed by a UN resolution to divide Mandatory Palestine to a Jewish and an Arab states. Most converted to United Nations Trust Territories in 1946. The British monarch is also Head of the Commonwealth, but this is a purely symbolic and personal title; members of the Commonwealth (including the Commonwealth realms) are fully sovereign states. United with England and Ireland as the Commonwealth of England. Instead, the British assumed Indians had to be ruled by heavy hand with democratic opportunities postponed indefinitely, although some English historians argued that the so-called liberal imperialists truly believed that the British rule would bring the benefits of … Since the Act of Union in 1707, the United Kingdom has ruled vast swaths of land across the world. The lower house was usually elected, but suffrage was restricted to free white men only, usually with property ownership restrictions. The British Overseas Territories (BOTs), also known as United Kingdom Overseas Territories (UKOTs), are fourteen territories all with a constitutional and historical link with the United Kingdom. Territorial evolution from the foundation of the English colonial empire to the present. In addition to the areas formally under the sovereignty of the British monarch, various "foreign" territories were controlled as protectorates; territories transferred to British administration under the authority of the League of Nations or the United Nations; and miscellaneous other territories, such as the condominium of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Today 14 former colonies (since 2002 known as British Overseas Territories) remain under British rule; the term "colonies" is no longer officially used to describe these. During this time, the vast majority of Iran was under rule by the Qajar Dynasty, … British have invaded nine out of ten countries - so look out Luxembourg Britain has invaded all but 22 countries in the world in its long and colourful history, new research has found. The British rule may have united India, but in their absence, the result is the presence of 60-100 princely states that co-exist as rivals or alliances. Most of these countries used to be territories of the British Empire. They are Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, the Solomon Islands, and Tuvalu. The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom, its dependencies (the Bailiwick of Guernsey, the Bailiwick of Jersey and the Isle of Man) and its overseas territories. Chartered companies were usually formed, incorporated and legitimised under a royal charter. British Empire, a worldwide system of dependencies— colonies, protectorates, and other territories—that over a span of some three centuries was brought under the sovereignty of the crown of Great Britain and the administration of the British government. These included what are now Kenya, Sudan, Lesotho, Botswana, Northern Somalia, Egypt, Eastern Ghana, Gambia, Niger, and Benin. Jamaica - Jamaica - British rule: In 1655 a British expedition under Admiral Sir William Penn and General Robert Venables captured Jamaica and began expelling the Spanish, a task that was accomplished within five years. A number of countries (dominions) within the British Empire gained independence in stages during the earlier part of the 20th century. Jamaica - Jamaica - British rule: In 1655 a British expedition under Admiral Sir William Penn and General Robert Venables captured Jamaica and began expelling the Spanish, a task that was accomplished within five years. [2], Dominions were semi-independent polities that were nominally under the Crown, constituting the British Empire and British Commonwealth, beginning in the later part of the 19th century. Groups of investors formed companies to underwrite and profit from the exploration of Africa, India, Asia, the Caribbean and North America, under the patronage of the state. A protectorate differs from a "protected state". Likewise, British forces gained power in the eastern region of the Persian Empire, near present-day Pakistan. 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