[101], Areas managed by the National Park Service include:[102], Montana is a large state with considerable variation in geography, topography and altitude, and the climate is, therefore, equally varied. Burnings of German-language books and several near-hangings occurred. [52], The Hell Creek Formation in Northeast Montana is a major source of dinosaur fossils. From 1968 through 1988, the state was dominated by the Democratic Party, with Democratic governors for a 20-year period, and a Democratic majority of both the national congressional delegation and during many sessions of the state legislature. [235] James Willard Schultz ("Apikuni") from Browning is most noted for his prolific stories about Blackfeet life and his contributions to the naming of prominent features in Glacier National Park.[236]. [315] The state flower, the Bitterroot, was adopted in 1895 with the support of a group called the Floral Emblem Association, which formed after Montana's Women's Christian Temperance Union adopted the bitterroot as the organization's state flower. Montana State Capitol Building in Helena, Montana. [22] The front is most pronounced in the Lewis Range, located primarily in Glacier National Park. Montana is home to diverse fauna including 14 amphibian,[91] 90 fish,[92] 117 mammal,[93] 20 reptile,[94] and 427 bird[95] species. [37] The isolated island ranges east of the Divide include the Bear Paw Mountains,[38] Bull Mountains,[39] Castle Mountains,[40] Crazy Mountains,[41] Highwood Mountains,[42] Judith Mountains,[42] Little Belt Mountains,[40] Little Rocky Mountains,[42] the Pryor Mountains,[41] Little Snowy Mountains, Big Snowy Mountains,[39] Sweet Grass Hills,[39] and—in the state's southeastern corner near Ekalaka—the Long Pines. Montana's only north–south Interstate Highway is Interstate 15. The remaining seat was again elected at-large. Montana State Names (Etymology of Names) Montana Name Origin and State Nicknames. [198] Spanish is the language most commonly spoken at home other than English. [230] Madison County was the first to take advantage of the newly authorized taxes and it formed fhe first public school in Virginia City in 1886. This represented a manpower contribution to the war that was 25% higher than any other state on a per capita basis. These numbers constituted about ten percent of the state's population, and Montana again contributed one of the highest numbers of soldiers per capita of any state. [140] Surveys in 1874, 1875, and 1876 helped spark the Great Sioux War of 1876. The Montana Act led to the arrest of more than 200 individuals and the conviction of 78, mostly of German or Austrian descent. The first territorial capital was at Bannack. Legislative leaders name committee chairs. Vegetation of the state includes lodgepole pine, ponderosa pine, Douglas fir, larch, spruce, aspen, birch, red cedar, hemlock, ash, alder, rocky mountain maple and cottonwood trees. The health care, service, and government sectors also are significant to the state's economy. [51] Farther east, areas such as Makoshika State Park near Glendive and Medicine Rocks State Park near Ekalaka contain some of the most scenic badlands regions in the state. [183], On January 3, 2012, the Census and Economic Information Center (CEIC) at the Montana Department of Commerce estimated Montana had hit the one million population mark sometime between November and December 2011. [265] Yellowstone National Park also allows cross-country skiing. The incorporated places are made up of 52 cities, 75 towns, and two consolidated city-counties. Wyoming is to the south, Idaho is to the west and southwest,[citation needed] and the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, are to the north, making it the only state to border three Canadian provinces. Brian Morris, who served as an associate justice of the Montana Supreme Court from 2005 to 2013, currently serves as a judge on the court. The Montana Legislature is bicameral, and consists of the 50-member Montana Senate and the 100-member Montana House of Representatives. [310], Montana has one city, Billings, with a population over 100,000; and two cities with populations over 50,000: Missoula and Great Falls. Stemming from multiple treaties and federal legislation, including the Indian Appropriations Act (1851), the Dawes Act (1887), and the Indian Reorganization Act (1934), seven Indian reservations, encompassing 11 federally recognized tribal nations, were created in Montana. City and State Information for Montana Montana Facts, Statistics, and State Symbols. She was a 25-year-old woman who had traveled to Virginia City via wagon train in 1865. Montana contains Glacier National Park, "The Crown of the Continent"; and parts of Yellowstone National Park, including three of the park's five entrances. Montana and South Dakota are the only states to share a land border which is not traversed by a paved road. This caused great hardship for farmers, ranchers, and miners. [80] Montana also claims the disputed title of possessing the world's shortest river, the Roe River, just outside Great Falls. A new Capitol Commission resumes work on the Capitol, selecting Charles Bell and John Kent’s architectural firm and Joseph Soss’ Butte construction company to complete the building. [209] It mandates that all schools teach American Indian history, culture, and heritage from preschool through college. The transcontinental GNR was completed on January 6, 1893, at Scenic, Washington.[141]. [295] In 1992, voters approved a constitutional amendment implementing term limits for certain statewide elected executive branch offices (governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, state auditor, attorney general, superintendent of public instruction) and for members of the Montana Legislature. The legislature increased the number of justices to five in 1919. The constitution requires the establishment of a Montana Supreme Court and Montana District Courts, and permits the legislature to establish Justice Courts, City Courts, Municipal Courts, and other inferior courts such as the legislature sees fit to establish. Baseball is the minor-league sport with the longest heritage in the state, and Montana is home to three Minor League Baseball teams, all members of the Pioneer League: the Billings Mustangs, Great Falls Voyagers, and Missoula Osprey. In 2012, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down Montana's judicial nonpartisan election law in American Tradition Partnership, Inc. v. Bullock, 567 U.S. ____ (Sup.Ct. [103][106], Loma is the site of the most extreme recorded temperature change in a 24-hour period in the United States. [163], War sentiment was complicated by labor issues. Forests cover about 25% of the state. Turn left on Roberts Street, and go south for 6 blocks to 6th Avenue. In this school students were charged $1.75 per week. Three issues which the constitutional convention were unable to resolve were submitted to voters simultaneously with the proposed constitution. The western half of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges, while the eastern half is characterized by western prairie terrain and badlands, with more (albeit smaller) mountain ranges found throughout the state. Sarah Raymond was paid $125 per month, and Mrs. Farley was paid $75 per month. [287][288], Montana is governed by a constitution. [17] About 60 percent of the state is prairie, part of the northern Great Plains. [302] Also notable is Representative (later Senator) Thomas H. Carter, the first Catholic to serve as chairman of the Republican National Committee (from 1892 to 1896).[303]. However, the legislature did not designate a state tree until 1949, when the Montana Federation of Garden Clubs, with the support of the state forester, lobbied for formal recognition. [11] Cox complained the name was a misnomer given most of the territory was not mountainous and a Native American name would be more appropriate than a Spanish one. Other major north–south highways include U.S. [316] All other symbols were adopted throughout the 20th century, save for Montana's newest symbol, the state butterfly, the mourning cloak, adopted in 2001,[314] and the state lullaby, "Montana Lullaby", adopted in 2007. [306] The state last supported a Democrat for president in 1992, when Bill Clinton won a plurality victory. [9] The name Montana was added in 1863 to a bill by the United States House Committee on Territories (chaired at the time by James Ashley of Ohio) for the territory that would become Idaho Territory. Extensive new constitutional rights for victims of crime were approved in 2016. [128] The Salish remained in the Bitterroot Valley until 1891. [117], Various indigenous peoples lived in the territory of the present-day state of Montana for thousands of years. In addition to cross-country trails at most of the downhill ski areas, there are also 13 private cross-country skiing resorts. "Personal Income for Montana". The Montana Supreme Court struck down the nonpartisan law in 1911 on technical grounds, but a new law was enacted in 1935 which barred political parties from endorsing, making contributions to, or making expenditures on behalf of or against judicial candidates. This article in a Butte newspaper celebrates "the blessings of true citizenship". Joseph K. Toole, Governor of the State of Montana: The court employs 12 permanent special masters. Conversely, air flow from the southwest results in "chinooks". Many people left, and half the banks in the state went bankrupt as a result of providing mortgages that could not be repaid. Farmers of Irish, Scots, and English roots also settled in Montana. Established in 1864, Helena is the capital city of Montana and the seat of Lewis and Clark County. [194], The Chinese in Montana, while a low percentage today, have been an important presence. Montana's motto, Oro y Plata, Spanish for "Gold and Silver", recognizing the significant role of mining, was first adopted in 1865, when Montana was still a territory. In turn, pro-War groups formed, such as the Montana Council of Defense, created by Governor Samuel V. Stewart and local "loyalty committees". The Montana Supreme Court is the court of last resort in the Montana court system. In late 1962, missiles assigned to the 341st Strategic Missile Wing played a major role in the Cuban Missile Crisis. [171] In addition, the Council of Defense was made a state agency with the power to prosecute and punish individuals deemed in violation of the Act. Montana is one of only two contiguous states (along with Colorado) that are antipodal to land. [297], The 1972 constitution requires that voters determine every 20 years whether to hold a new constitutional convention. Helena was originally named “The Last Chance Gulch” and it was founded by four gold miners as they were searching for more gold in the year 1864. [46] Surface soils in the area are highly diverse, and greatly affected by the local geology, whether glaciated plain, intermountain basin, mountain foothills, or tableland. 20% of the residents in the city were under the age of 18 years, 12% were between 18 and 24 years, 23% were between 25 and 44 years, 29% were between the age 45 and 64, and the other 15% were over 65 years of age. [311], Collectively all of these areas (excluding Havre) are known informally as the "big seven", as they are consistently the seven largest communities in the state (their rank order in terms of population is Billings, Missoula, Great Falls, Bozeman, Butte, Helena and Kalispell, according to the 2010 U.S. Railroads have been an important method of transportation in Montana since the 1880s. [279][280], During the age of the Copper Kings, each Montana copper company had its own newspaper. Montana's fastest-growing sector is tourism; nearly 13 million annual tourists visit Glacier National Park, Yellowstone National Park, Beartooth Highway, Flathead Lake, Big Sky Resort, and other attractions. After three years, a fee of one dollar per acre would be paid and the land would be owned by the settler. The students were Indian children and the children of Fort Owen employees. Pulitzer Prize winner Wallace Earle Stegner from Great Falls was often called "The Dean of Western Writers". Choose your favorite montana state capitol designs and purchase them as wall … Bell and Kent relocate to Helena from Iowa to meet the legislature’s demand that the architect of the Capitol be a resident of the state. Montana District Courts are the courts of general jurisdiction in Montana. "[208] It is the only state in the U.S. with such a constitutional mandate. Montana Secretary of State Montana Capitol Building, Rm 260 P.O. Both downhill skiing and cross-country skiing are popular in Montana, which has 15 developed downhill ski areas open to the public,[264] including: Big Sky Resort and Whitefish Mountain Resort are destination resorts, while the remaining areas do not have overnight lodging at the ski area, though several host restaurants and other amenities. Montana is the only one of the first 48 states lacking a completed battleship being named for it. Montana is a state in the northern part of the United States. He is well known for having bribed his way into the U.S. Senate. Montana is a state in the Western United States. This shift continued with the reapportionment of the state's legislative districts that took effect in 1994, when the Republican Party took control of both chambers of the state legislature, consolidating a Republican party dominance that lasted until the 2004 reapportionment produced more swing districts and a brief period of Democratic legislative majorities in the mid-2000s. The court hears cases arising under the Montana Workers' Compensation Act, and is the court of original jurisdiction for reviews of orders and regulations issued by the Montana Department of Labor and Industry. BEARFACTS. Eastern Montana comprises plains and badlands, broken by hills and isolated mountain ranges, and has a semiarid, continental climate (Köppen climate classification BSk). Montana is the only state in the union without a modern naval ship named in its honor. [199] Also, 15,438 (1.7% of the state population) were speakers of Indo-European languages other than English or Spanish, 10,154 (1.1%) were speakers of a Native American language, and 4,052 (0.4%) were speakers of an Asian or Pacific Islander language. Montana is one of the eight Mountain States, located in the north of the region known as the Western United States. 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