Carl XII konge av Sverige 1682-1718. The statue is at the southerly edge of the Kungstradgarden, itself a nice green space. The attack failed, and three days later the bulk of the Swedish Army surrendered to the Russians at Perevolochna. Charles was by then already on his way to Turkish-held territory, where he hoped to find allies. Charles XII of Sweden was the king of Sweden from 1697 to 1718. Although being present during the Battle of Poltava, Karl XII did not command the Swedish army because of a wound that disabled his ability to ride (he strictly believed that any general must fight alongside the soldiers in the frontline). The following is a list of the battles he held command in: There are many different and few reliable sources describing Karl XII's private behavior, although his personality was often described as very strict and militaristic. His first necessity in 1706, however, was to secure Sweden’s position in relation to Russia, which, under Peter I the Great, had from 1703 onward made good use of Charles XII’s campaigns in Poland to train its army and undertake a piecemeal conquest of the Swedish east Baltic provinces. After negotiations for Charles’s marriage to a Danish cousin, the daughter of Christian V, were begun on Denmark’s initiative, Charles’s advisers held back until the outcome of Danish negotiations with other powers was known. Karl XII, del II. Prince Charles was the second child and eldest (and only surviving) son of Charles XI of Sweden and Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark. Charles’s troops left Saxony to invade Russia in the late autumn of 1707. The statue was erected in 1868, the 150th anniversary of his death. Karl XII was fluent in French, but he refused to speak it in his own country, saying that "a Frenchman who come to Sweden has no right to demand of me that I speak his language; nor have I a right to demand him to speak Swedish in France". This transformation was to be accomplished by dethroning Augustus and substituting a Polish-born king willing to cooperate with the Swedes. 5 April] 1697) was King of Sweden from 1660 until his death, in a period of Swedish history known as the Swedish Empire (1611–1718).. Karl XII of Sweden Carolus Rex, King of the Swedish Empire King of Sweden 5 April 1697-30 November 1718 Coronation 14 December 1697 Predecessor Karl XI Successor Ulrika Eleonora Spouse None Children None Family House Pfalz Born 17 June, 1682 Deceased 30 November, 1718 (aged 36) Buried Riddarholmen Church The members took their positions next to the statue of the king in Kungsträdgården park, where … The early campaigns—the descent on Zealand (August 1700), which forced Denmark out of the war; the Battle of Narva (November 1700), which drove the Russians away from the Swedish trans-Baltic provinces; and the crossing of the Western Dvina River (1701), which scattered the troops of Augustus II (elector of Saxony and king of Poland)—were all planned and directed by the officers whom Charles had inherited from his father; but the King, while developing his military skill, gave valuable help in fostering morale by his courage, his religiously coloured optimism, and his faith in the cause of Sweden as the victim of a concerted attack. Charles XII became king at the age of 15 In 1697, after the death of his father. His early childhood was happy and secure, but the close family circle was broken by his mother’s death in 1693. He is considered to be the last king of the Swedish Empire, and his death caused great turmoil throughout the country that eventually lead to military defeat. Karl den XII, 1682-1718, king of Sweden (Axel Sparre) - Nationalmuseum - 15793.tif 2,835 × 4,095; 33.24 MB Karl XII - Hyacinthe Rigaud.jpg 561 × 680; 192 KB Carl XII of Sweden … Corrections? A remarkable tactician, Karl XII commanded some of Sweden's greatest victories and commenced an initially successful invasion of Russia. Most significant of these personal decisions was that to fight Augustus II in Poland and to transform Poland from a divided country, where Augustus had both partisans and opponents, into an ally and a base for the final campaign against Russia. Warrior Kings of Sweden: The Rise of an Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. ... of 2; Volume 2 Gustav III by August Strindberg ... Carl XII. Charles XI (Swedish: Karl XI, also Charles IV and Carl; 4 December [O.S. Charles XII of Sweden (1682-1718). A number of albums started by Ultima Thule, later including other artists were named "Carolus Rex". He did make sure to always bring a "Field chancellery" with him on campaign, so the normal running of the government could happen despite the war. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Karl XI. Karl XII is one of the most famous Swedish warrior kings, belonging to the Carolean Era and being a direct descendant of Karl XI and Karl X Gustav. Charles was the only surviving son of Charles XI and Ulrika Eleonora the Elder. By the time this program had been brought to success and Stanisław Leszczyński elected king of Poland—Augustus being forced to accept the settlement by a Swedish invasion of Saxony in September 1706—Charles XII had matured both as a general and as a statesman. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Members from Sweden’s Nest 1 honoured fallen Swedish heroes in Stockholm on 30 November.. Members from Nest 1 gathered in Stockholm on the evening of 30 November to hold the annual memorial for Karl XII and his Caroleans on the anniversary of the king’s death.. Charles XI’s chief consolation was a close companionship with his heir, and from this time onward Prince Charles accompanied his father on travels of inspection and on all kinds of official occasions. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The film depicts the life of Charles XII of Sweden who oversaw the expansion of the Swedish Empire until its defeat at the Battle of Poltava. Professor Ragnhild Hatton writes an fine biography of King Charles XII of Sweden (1697-1718). Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership. Gustaf Cederström painted Bringing Home the Body of King Charles XII of Sweden in Paris in 1877-78. Karl_XII_Of_Sweden 0 points 1 point 2 points 1 year ago It was a prebuilt, from where I bought it was a dell inspiron 5675, personally I've been to the site where I had purchased it from gave no information on it exactly, if that wouldn't work would the R5 2600x be compatible He launched a disastrous invasion of Russia (1707–09), resulting in the complete collapse of the Swedish armies and the loss of Sweden’s status … He was, however, exceptionally strong willed and gave repeated proof of his obstinate adherence to those standards he accepted from the religious and moral teaching of his family and his governors. He was the second child and the first son of Charles XI of Sweden and Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark. He was never married and had no mistress, thus never producing a heir, and once called the Carolean army his children. Charles was not unmindful of Sweden’s role in central and western Europe; his support of the Silesian Protestants against the Catholic Habsburg emperor was firmly based on the Swedish guarantee of the Peace of Westphalia, and he continued that policy of the “balancing role” between the great coalitions of the west to which Swedish rulers and statesmen since 1660 had aspired in the hope of achieving prestige and territory by armed mediation in suitable circumstances. 24 November] 1655 – 15 April [O.S. Jefferson., NC: McFarland, 2007; Carl O. Nordling. The king immediately negotiated for Rehnskiöld's release, while refusing to put any effort into making Lewenhaupt return safely (the dishonored general later died in Russian captivity). Today, there are theories that he was in fact assassinated by his own men, and many individuals have been suspected for this crime. He launched a disastrous invasion of Russia (1707–09), resulting in the complete collapse of the Swedish armies and the loss of Sweden’s status as a great power. Impetuous and headstrong, Karl XII inherited a superbly professional Swedish Army, albeit one that had not fought a battle since its victory in the Scanian War (1674-1679). Voltaire had no doubt that the entire invasion of Russia was a mistake and in a critical biography he blamed Charles for the collapse of the Swedish Empire.The Swedish king’s entire strategy of invading Russia was arguably unrealistic. The later portion of the life of Charles XII of Sweden is depicted in this historical drama. Karl XI., aus dem Adelsgeschlecht der Wittelsbacher war von 1660 bis 1697 König von Schweden, in Personalunion von 1681 bis 1697 als Karl I. auch Herzog von Pfalz-Zweibrücken und als Karl XI. Thereafter, the Russians interfered successfully with the Swedes’ communications, and by the summer of 1709 Charles XII had no choice between accepting battle with the Russians or withdrawing once more into Poland. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. MEMORIAL. For images of his Stockholm statue see subcategory Karl XII:s staty. Soon after he became king, a three-part coalition sided against him, headed by the rising power to the east, Russia. At the start of Karl XII's reign, Sweden was a large empire that had vast holdings in the Baltic States and Germany. Par Monsieur de Voltaire. In adolescence a personal program for toughening physique—in particular, his intrepid horsemanship and his predilection for risks—worried the old and staid among the courtiers. The last King of Sweden during the Great Power Era, Karl XII ascended to the Swedish throne aged just fifteen, after the untimely death of his father. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He commanded many successful battles throughout the Great Northern War and often overcame far more numerous enemy armies. Al Stewart's song "The Coldest Winter in Memory" deals primarily with Charles's military campaign and defeat by Peter the Great. In May 2012 the Swedish power metal band Sabaton released an album named “Carolus Rex”. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. After his father’s death in April 1697, Charles XII had to take on the burden of absolute kingship—he was the first and only Swedish king born to absolutism—when he was barely 15 years old. Charles’s responsibility in planning and executing armed operations constantly increased, so that from 1702 he became the superior of most of his officers. He was, however, also a ruler of the early Enlightenment era, promoting domestic reforms of significance. This was proved after the failure in his invasion of Russia, during which two of his most important generals were captured. “[Charles XII] seldom took a more active part in the council than to cross his legs upon the table.” ― Voltaire, Histoire de Charles XII, Roi de Suede. However, during his later years he became a strict man who seemed to only care for warfare. Other noteworthy ideals of the king was that he lived the same way as his common soldiers, sharing food with officers and infantrymen alike and never wearing anything else than a cavalry officer's uniform. From the shores of Denmark to the snowy fields of Narva, to the distant Poltava and even the Ottoman Empire... long did Karl XII wander. war der Sohn von Karl X. Gustav von Schweden und dessen Frau Hedwig von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp. Karl XII (1682-1718) of House Pfalz, King of Sweden, Grand Duke of Finland, Duke of Bremen-Verden, Duke of Pfalz-Zweibrücken and Protector of the Realm, is a character of major importance in Swedish history and considered to be the greatest warlord king afterGustav II Adolf. He made a cardinal error by marching on Moscow and he should have attacked and conquered St Petersburg instead. “The death of King Charles XII… Marcia Carolus Rex is the Swedish military march named after King Charles XII Film Remix - Mats Forsberg Soon after he became king, a three-part coalition sided against him, headed by the rising power to the east, Russia. König von Schweden 1682-1718. Docent Emeritus in Economic History, University of Umeå, Sweden. A character based on Charles XII plays a major role in The Age of Unreason, a series of four alternate history novels written by American science fiction and fantasy author Gregory Keyes. Field Marshal Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld had valiantly fought against incredible odds and personally defended himself until disarmed, while general Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt had surrendered himself along with a majority of the Swedish army that could have been capable of defeating the forces of tsar Peter I. It was the most expensive production in Swedish history when it was made, and inspired a string of large budget Swedish historical films Karl XII av Sverige, von der Pfalz-Zweibrücken, Kung: Also Known As: "Carolus" Birthdate: June 17, 1682: Birthplace: Stockholm, Sverige (Sweden) Death: November 30, 1718 (36) Halden, Norge (Norway) Place of Burial: Riddarholm Church - Stockholm: Immediate Family: Charles XI had stipulated a regency, but the regents proved anxious to obtain the new king’s concurrence in all decisions, and the Riksdag called in November 1697 declared him of age. He was the only son of King Charles X Gustav of Sweden and Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp. Karl XII ruled at the start of the 18th century. He belonged to the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, a branch line of the House of Wittelsbach. https://svea.fandom.com/wiki/Karl_XII?oldid=4126. He had been open and confiding; but on succeeding to the crown he assumed a noncommittal behaviour in public, though in private he was much influenced by the instructions that his father had left for his political guidance and by the counsel of his father’s advisers. As a child, he was a keen observer of the political and military matters of his kingdom, while preparing to rule the kingdom someday. Hatton focuses on the political, diplomatic, and military life of the Swedish monarch in this massive study. Charles XII, (born June 17, 1682, Stockholm—died Nov. 30, 1718, Fredrikshald, Nor. Karl XII was extremely disobedient as a child, enjoying practical jokes aimed at servants, nobles and commoners alike. ), was the King of Sweden from 1697 to 1718. The s… Also from 1702 he began to take a greater part in political decisions, his senior advisers having died or retired through ill health. von 1660 bis 1697 Herzog des Herzogtums Bremen-Verden. Taking the throne at only 15 years old, most of his reign was spent in battle as in 1700, a coalition consisting of Russia, Denmark-Norway and Poland-Saxony declared war on Sweden, looking to reduce the great power's might on the Baltic Sea. They won the Battle of Hołowczyn in July 1708, but Russian scorched-earth tactics forced Charles to abandon his route to Moscow and turn instead into the Ukraine. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-XII, Pierre Marteau - Biography of Charles XII, The History Learning Site - Biography of Charles XII, Charles XII - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Though wounded in the foot and unable to lead the army in person, Charles chose battle and attacked the Russian fortified camp at Poltava on July 8 (June 27, old style; June 28, Swedish style). The statue beside which this drama played out is of Karl XII, king of Sweden from 1697 until his death on 30 November 1718. Karl XII (1682-1718) was the king of Sweden from 1697 to 1718. ), king of Sweden (1697–1718), an absolute monarch who defended his country for 18 years during the Great Northern War and promoted significant domestic reforms. She stresses the Great Northern War, relating Charles XII's military campaigns in Denmark, Russia, Poland-Lithuania, Saxony, and Norway. Nouvelle Edition, Revue & Corrig e Par N. Salmon. Omissions? Updates? Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Carl XII (1682-1718), in Swedish Karl XII and in English alternately referred to as Charles, was King of Sweden 1697-1718. He was the last to … These negotiations led in fact to a coalition between Denmark, Saxony, and Russia that, by attacking Sweden in the spring of 1700, began the Great Northern War. Though despite having a unique unity with his men, he did not hesitate to execute those who plundered civilian settlements or sexually abused the women that were left behind by the Russian army. Author of. Charles XI, also Carl (Swedish language: Karl XI) also Charles IV (24 November 1655 – 5 April 1697 OS) was King of Sweden from 1660 until his death, in a period of Swedish history known as the Swedish Empire (1611–1718). Sweden Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. He also had a ton of administrative ideas, some very good, others not so much. King of Sweden 1682-1718. ), king of Sweden (1697–1718), an absolute monarch who defended his country for 18 years during the Great Northern War and promoted significant domestic reforms. Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. An historical film depicting the life of Charles XII of Sweden (1682-1718), who oversaw the expansion of the Swedish Empire until its defeat at the Battle of Poltava. However, at the end of Karl XII's reign Sweden was clearly in decline. Directed by John W. Brunius. Charles XII of Sweden by Ragnhild Marie Hatton ( Book ) Queen Christina. He led this force against a coordinated Danish, Polish, and Russian attack that launched the Great Northern War (1700-1721). Then he placed too much trust in the Cossacks and his trust in them … His father died when he was four years old, so Charles was educated by his … Charles XII, sometimes Carl (Swedish: Karl XII) or Latinized to Carolus Rex, was the King of Sweden from 1697 to 1718. Carl XII. He was often willing to listen to his advisors, but once he had decided a course of action there was no way to persuade him otherwise - he has commonly been seen as the average absolute monarch, demanding complete obedience and loyalty from everyone around him. It has been speculated that Karl XII was born with Asperger syndrome, causing him to lack empathy and making social interactions difficult. The speedy success hoped for by the three allied powers did not materialize, and rumours of rebellion by the Swedish nobility against the absolutist monarchy, in case of war, proved false. One of the most capable commanders in Eu… With Gösta Ekman, Bengt Djurberg, Augusta Lindberg, Mona Mårtenson. This was a unique trait as French was considered a global language at the time and was commonly spoken by all diplomats in Europe, causing relations with France to be stained. The last King of Sweden during the Great Power Era, Karl XII ascended to the Swedish throne aged just fifteen, after the untimely death of his father. Charles XII was one of the most talented military leaders of the Early Modern era. Karl XII reigned in Sweden from 1697 until 1709. Charles XII, (born June 17, 1682, Stockholm—died Nov. 30, 1718, Fredrikshald, Nor. Charles XII, sometimes Carl XII (Swedish: Karl XII) or Carolus Rex (17 June 1682 – 30 November 1718 O.S. Charles XII spent his childhood amidst luxury. 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